The Israelites are considered unique in the ancient world for their monotheism - the worship of one god - at a time when they were surrounded by people who were essentially polytheistic - worshipping many gods. The evidence suggests, however, that there were two religious traditions among the Israelites: a monotheistic tradition (which is also the Biblical tradition) and a polytheistic tradition which gradually died out by the 6th century BC.
Old Testament prophets constantly spoke out against Israelites worshipping other gods, and this should be taken as evidence for a conflict between the religious elite of one tradition and a more popularly based tradition. It is because of the gradual dominance of the monotheistic tradition that Israel's other polytheistic past is so shrouded in mystery and secrecy.
As in other ancient religions, the Israelites sacrificed animals to their god in order to appease him. This 10th century BC limestone altar found at Megiddo was probably used by Israelite priests for burning incense and possibly for sacrificing animals. The horns symbolize the divine power of their god.
